Wireless Sensor Network Cognitive Security Routing Protocol for Extreme Environments

Abstract

With the extensive application of wireless sensor networks in extreme environments such as military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, and industrial control, their security challenges have become increasingly prominent. Extreme environments significantly exacerbate network vulnerabilities by affecting physical devices and communication channels, resulting in serious deficiencies in the security and adaptability of traditional routing protocols. This paper addresses security threats to WSNs in extreme environments by proposing a cognitive security routing protocol. Through the construction of a three-layer architecture comprising a data plane, control plane, and cognitive plane, the protocol integrates functional modules including environmental awareness, trust evaluation, and security posture analysis. It employs key technologies such as lightweight cryptography and reinforcement learning to achieve dynamic self-adaptation in routing decisions. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification demonstrate that the protocol effectively enhances network survivability under malicious attacks and environmental disturbances while maintaining low communication overhead, providing a novel solution for reliable communication in extreme environments.